{"id":3360,"date":"2021-04-22T15:19:44","date_gmt":"2021-04-22T15:19:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/innogando.com\/2021\/04\/22\/calostre-bovi-recollida-i-administracio\/"},"modified":"2025-06-24T13:04:44","modified_gmt":"2025-06-24T13:04:44","slug":"calostre-bovi-recollida-i-administracio","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/innogando.com\/ca\/2021\/04\/22\/calostre-bovi-recollida-i-administracio\/","title":{"rendered":"Calostre bov\u00ed: recollida i administraci\u00f3"},"content":{"rendered":"

Al nostre primer post introdu\u00edem la definici\u00f3 de <\/span>calostre bov\u00ed<\/strong> , la seva composici\u00f3 i evoluci\u00f3 i la import\u00e0ncia que suposa per als vedells. Ara, aprofundirem en el pas seg\u00fcent: el moment de recollida i administraci\u00f3 als animals. <\/p>\n

Recollida del calostre<\/h2>\n

Com ja hav\u00edem explicat el post anterior<\/a> , el calostre \u00e9s la llet que m\u00e9s propietats nutricionals cont\u00e9 i, per tant, la m\u00e9s completa i nutritiva. Aquests nutrients van disminuint amb el temps, per la qual cosa el moment idoni per a la recollida ser\u00e0 dins de les dues primeres hores seg\u00fcents al part<\/strong> o, com a molt tard, de les sis primeres. <\/p>\n

Administraci\u00f3 del calostre bov\u00ed<\/h2>\n

A conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia d \u201caix\u00f2, si volem que les noves cries rebin l\u201d aliment idoni per cr\u00e9ixer sanes i fortes, haurem d \u201cadministrar-li el primer calostre tan aviat com sigui possible, ja que la velocitat d\u201d absorci\u00f3 de les immunoglobines (Ig) decreix<\/strong> r\u00e0pidament a partir de les quatre hores posteriors al part.<\/strong><\/p>\n

A<\/strong> m\u00e9s, ja no nom\u00e9s pel nostre propi b\u00e9, sin\u00f3 que hi ha una llei que aix\u00ed ho estableix per a tot Europa<\/em> . <\/p>\n

Com subministrar el calostre bov\u00ed?<\/h2>\n

El calostre pot subministrar-se de manera natural o artificial<\/strong> . En el primer cas, el vedell el mamar\u00e0 directament de la mare<\/strong> mentre que, per contra, al segon ser\u00e0 administrat a trav\u00e9s d’una sonda<\/strong> . Tots dos m\u00e8todes compten amb certs avantatges i desavantatges. D’una banda, una lact\u00e0ncia natural afavoreix l’absorci\u00f3 de les Ig,<\/strong> per\u00f2 resulta m\u00e9s complex controlar-ne l’administraci\u00f3. Amb el m\u00e8tode artificial, per\u00f2, passa a la inversa, ja que permet controlar millor la quantitat que s’administra<\/strong> al vedell i el moment de la primera presa. <\/p>\n

En segon lloc, l \u201cacci\u00f3 de mamar estimula la formaci\u00f3 de la gotera esof\u00e0gica<\/strong> , la funci\u00f3 de la qual \u00e9s comunicar directament l\u201d es\u00f2fag amb l \u201cabom\u00e0s. Per tant, si el vedell mama el calostre de la mare, aquest passar\u00e0 de l\u201d es\u00f2fag a l \u201cabom\u00e0s i d\u201d aqu\u00ed a l \u201cintest\u00ed. Tot i aix\u00f2, el calostre administrat mitjan\u00e7ant sonda arriba al rumen abans de passar a l\u201d abom\u00e0s, trigant el proc\u00e9s complet entre 2 i 4 h.<\/strong> <\/p>\n

Si optem per una alimentaci\u00f3 natural cal assegurar-se pr\u00e8viament que la mamella<\/strong> es troba en perfectes condicions<\/strong> i, a m\u00e9s, mare i fill hauran de romandre junts durant 24 hores<\/strong> com a m\u00ednim, per assegurar aix\u00ed un consum idoni. Si aquesta administraci\u00f3 \u00e9s deficient, caldr\u00e0 l’alimentaci\u00f3 artificial. <\/p>\n

Volum de calostre<\/h2>\n

At\u00e8s que hi ha una gran variaci\u00f3 entre el pes dels vedells en el moment del part, no \u00e9s recomanable establir un \u00fanic volum idoni per a tothom, per la qual cosa aquesta mesura es calcula mitjan\u00e7ant un percentatge: el percentatge de pes viu o PV.<\/strong> Aqu\u00ed s\u00ed que podem parlar de manera m\u00e9s generalitzada. Es recomana administrar a la primera presa<\/strong> de calostre un 10% del pes viu de l’animal<\/strong> , la qual cosa equival a uns 4 litres<\/strong> , tenint en compte que el pes mitj\u00e0 dels vedells sol ser de 40kg. <\/p>\n

Qualitat immunol\u00f2gica del calostre<\/h2>\n

El par\u00e0metre indicador de qualitat al calostre<\/strong> \u00e9s la seva concentraci\u00f3 d’IgG<\/strong> , per dues raons. En primer lloc, la relaci\u00f3 que hi ha entre la concentraci\u00f3 d’Ig i la salut dels vedells i, en segon lloc, la IgG constitueix el 85% del total d’Ig al calostre<\/strong> . Per tant, el calostre de gran qualitat<\/strong> \u00e9s aquell la concentraci\u00f3 del qual supera els 50g\/l.<\/strong> <\/p>\n

A causa d \u201caix\u00f2, hi ha certa tend\u00e8ncia a barrejar calostres<\/strong> de diferents vaques per tal de minimitzar la influ\u00e8ncia de calostres amb baixa concentraci\u00f3 d\u201d IgG, per\u00f2 aix\u00f2 \u00e9s totalment erroni, ja que \u00fanicament obtindrem un calostre de baixa qualitat<\/strong> i, a m\u00e9s, suposa un risc sanitari.<\/strong> <\/p>\n

De quins factors dep\u00e8n la qualitat immunol\u00f2gica del calostre bov\u00ed?<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Edat de la mare:<\/strong><\/p>\n

En general, les vaques primerenques produeixen un calostre amb menor concentraci\u00f3 d \u201cIg, per\u00f2 millora progressivament fins a la tercera o quarta lact\u00e0ncia, on s\u201d estabilitza.<\/p>\n

Ra\u00e7a de la mare: <\/strong><\/p>\n

La concentraci\u00f3 de les Ig varia en funci\u00f3 de la ra\u00e7a de la vaca i tamb\u00e9 de si \u00e9s d’aptitud l\u00e0ctia o c\u00e0rnia, el calostre d’aquestes \u00faltimes de molta m\u00e9s qualitat immunol\u00f2gica que el produ\u00eft per vaques d’aptitud l\u00e0ctia.<\/p>\n

Volum del calostre produ\u00eft:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dins d’una mateixa ra\u00e7a, el calostre ser\u00e0 de m\u00e9s qualitat en aquells caps de bestiar que el produeixin en menor quantitat, i viceversa.<\/p>\n

M\u00e8todes d’avaluaci\u00f3 del calostre bov\u00ed<\/h2>\n

Sense anar m\u00e9s lluny, la manera m\u00e9s senzilla d \u201cavaluar la qualitat del calostre \u00e9s l\u201d apreciaci\u00f3 visual<\/strong> . En general, el calostre de millor qualitat \u00e9s de textura cremosa<\/strong> , amb un color groc intens<\/strong> i sense sang<\/strong> o altres contaminants. <\/p>\n

Tanmateix, tamb\u00e9 \u00e9s la menys objectiva. \u00c9s essencial analitzar la composici\u00f3 del calostre i mesurar-ne la qualitat amb eines espec\u00edfiques<\/strong> abans d’administrar \u2013<\/strong> lo. <\/p>\n

Qu\u00e8 \u00e9s un calostr\u00f2metre?<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

El calostr\u00f2metre<\/strong> \u00e9s un dens\u00edmetre<\/strong> que estima la concentraci\u00f3 de les IgG<\/strong> mesurant la densitat del calostre.<\/strong> Una densitat superior al> 1.050<\/strong> s \u201caproxima a una concentraci\u00f3 d\u201d IgG> 50 g\/L.<\/strong><\/p>\n

El nivell de qualitat del calostre anir\u00e0 identificat en base a una escala de colors<\/strong> , des de verd per al calostre \u00f2ptim, fins a vermell per a un calostre de mala qualitat, passant per la qualitat mitjana, que es correspondria amb el color groc.<\/p>\n

\u00c9s barat i molt f\u00e0cil d’usar, per\u00f2 els seus mesuraments es poden veure afectats<\/strong> per la quantitat de greix<\/strong> que contingui el calostre o per la temperatura<\/strong> .<\/p>\n

Conservaci\u00f3 del calostre<\/h2>\n

\u00c9s aconsellable comptar amb reserves de calostre<\/strong> per resoldre problemes de ramat<\/strong> , com la baixa qualitat de calostre en una mare o la seva mort. Per conservar-lo, es recomana identificar-lo amb data i qualitat<\/strong> per tal de poder utilitzar, aix\u00ed, el millor a la primera presa i no barrejar calostres de diferents vaques, ja que suposa un risc sanitari. <\/p>\n

Aix\u00ed mateix, igual que passa amb la llet, caldr\u00e0 conservar- lo refrigerat<\/strong> o b\u00e9 congelar-lo<\/strong> . En el primer cas, el millor \u00e9s refrigerar-lo en ampolles d’1 o 2 litres<\/strong> ia temperatures entre 1 i 4 \u00ba<\/strong> cent\u00edgrads, mentre que, en el segon, la temperatura recomanada \u00e9s de -18 \u00ba a -20 \u00baC<\/strong> . <\/p>\n

Substitutius del calostre matern<\/h2>\n

Amb tot, encara que el m\u00e9s recomanable sigui sempre l’\u00fas de calostre natural, hi ha productes substitutius per utilitzar quan no en tenim<\/strong> , o b\u00e9 per assegurar la qualitat de la primera presa<\/strong> o programes de control i eradicaci\u00f3 de malalties.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Una manera de produir \u201ccalostre artificial\u201d<\/em> seria barrejar un ou cru amb llet i una mica d \u201coli de r\u00edcino que actu\u00ef com a laxant. Una altra recepta per a casos d\u201d urg\u00e8ncia consistiria a barrejar un ou amb 0.3L d \u201caigua, mitja cullerada d\u201d oli de fetge de bacall\u00e0 o r\u00edcino i mig litre de llet. <\/p>\n

Llet de transici\u00f3<\/h2>\n

A partir de les 24h despr\u00e9s del part<\/strong> , el calostre passa a anomenar-se \u201cllet de transici\u00f3\u201d<\/strong> i, amb aix\u00f2, les seves propietats tamb\u00e9 canvien. Es tracta d’una llet menys densa<\/strong> que el calostre i cont\u00e9 menys s\u00f2lids, greixos, PT i Ig<\/strong> , per\u00f2 la seva composici\u00f3 nutricional<\/strong> continua sent millor que la llet sencera<\/strong> . <\/p>\n

\u00c9s recomanable alimentar els vedells amb llet de transici\u00f3 durant tres dies despr\u00e9s de la presa de calostre<\/strong> , ja que compta amb gran quantitat d’ anticossos<\/strong> que disminueixen la probabilitat que, entre altres coses, mostrin signes de malaltia respirat\u00f2ria.<\/strong> <\/p>\n

Si vols saber m\u00e9s sobre el calostre bov\u00ed, la nostra veterin\u00e0ria Carlota Antelo del R\u00edo<\/a> en parla a la revista Vaca Pinta<\/a> . Podeu llegir la segona part del vostre article <\/p>\n

Aqu\u00ed<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Al nostre primer post introdu\u00edem la definici\u00f3 de calostre bov\u00ed , la seva composici\u00f3 i evoluci\u00f3 i la import\u00e0ncia que suposa per als vedells. Ara, aprofundirem en el pas seg\u00fcent: el moment de recollida i administraci\u00f3 als animals. Recollida del calostre Com ja hav\u00edem explicat el post anterior , el calostre \u00e9s la llet que…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":1796,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3360","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nCalostre bov\u00ed: recollida i administraci\u00f3 - Innogando<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"El moment de recollida i administraci\u00f3 del calostre bov\u00ed suposa un punt clau per obtenir un calostre complet, de la m\u00e0xima qualitat possible. En aquest post t'ensenyarem com has de recollir-lo, avaluar-ne la qualitat i administrar-lo als vedells. A m\u00e9s, tamb\u00e9 us proposem alguns productes substitutius del calostre matern.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/innogando.com\/ca\/2021\/04\/22\/calostre-bovi-recollida-i-administracio\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Calostre bov\u00ed: recollida i administraci\u00f3 - Innogando\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"El moment de recollida i administraci\u00f3 del calostre bov\u00ed suposa un punt clau per obtenir un calostre complet, de la m\u00e0xima qualitat possible. En aquest post t'ensenyarem com has de recollir-lo, avaluar-ne la qualitat i administrar-lo als vedells. 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